The Iranian History 1952 AD

 

Brief History of Iran Iranian History Chronicle

Majlis Seventeenth Terms Begins

Apr, 25, 1952 AD

1952 Mosaddegh addresses a crowd of people in front of the MajlesThe 17th Majlis term started on Apr, 25, 1952.
The seventeenth term just like the preceding one was full of political turmoil. Election was carried out with some difficulties and some seats remained vacant throughout its unusual short life. Only 80 representatives were present out of 135. The issues related to Nationalization of Oil predominated most of the sessions.
Iranian Prime Minister Dr. Mosaddegh attended the hearings at the International Court of Justice. In a vote, the court ruled that it was incompetent to deal with the British claim regarding Iran's Nationalization of Oil industries. Amazingly, the British representative cast his vote in favor of the motion, which was passed 9 to 5. This led to complete break of political ties with the British government. The Majlis also terminated the Iran-Soviet 1927 Caspian Sea Fishing agreement and nationalized its facilities.
Mohammad Reza Shah fled from Iran, only to be restored to power in a CIA sponsored coup d'état called Operation Ajax. Upon return, he promptly dissolved both Majlis and the Senate.

Other bills passed during this period :
- Special Powers Act in favor of Prime Minister Dr. Mosaddegh.
- Nationalization of the Iranian Telecommunication.
- Bill of foundation of public transportation services.
- Charter of Iranian Telephone Company.

Majlis 17th term ended on Dec, 19, 1953. (Updated: Aug, 16, 2009)





British Ultimatum On Bahrain

May, 2, 1952 AD

1951 Radio Tehran BuildingBahrain had been Iran's 14th province until the Europeans penetrated the Persian Gulf and it was occupied by the Portuguese in 1521. Bahrain changed hands several times but still was part of Iran although Iranians were never able to create a powerful navy. Dr. Mosaddegh was keen to return Bahrain under control when in May, 2, 1852 the British issued a formal ultimatum threatening Iran with war if Iranians did not step back.
Bahrain islands in the Persian Gulf was always a part of the Persian Empire until the Arab invasion in 7th century AD. It was occupied by the Portuguese in 1521, until Shah Abbas drove them out in 1602. Since the beginning of British colonization, in 1783 a tribal group known as the Caliph were installed in power and forced through a series of imposed treaties to stay a British protectorate (1820-1971). (Updated: Jan, 13, 2008)





Great Iranian Uprising

Jul, 21, 1952 AD

Supporting Mosaddegh MajlisThe great Iranian uprising is one of the peaks of the Iranian history. Prime Minister Mosaddegh resigned from his job as a formality on July, 8 with inauguration of the 17th parliament term, but before accepting duty again, Mosaddegh wanted to secure more authorities so that he could act freely in the fight against British colonists. In a meeting on July, 25th Mohammad Reza Shah turned him down on giving him the powers such as appointing the minister of war, Mosaddegh resigned and Ghavamossaltaneh was presented to Majlis as the new Prime Minister on July, 18, 1952. As Ghavamossaltaneh's statement of harsh measures and punishments against dissidents was announced on the state radio on Friday July, 27th tensions went high between state and people.
National and religious leaders called for resistance against the martial law and soon factories and offices were closed and people poured into the streets on July, 21st. Violent clashes between people and armed forces left many killed and injured but led to Shah's stepping back and dismissing Ghavamossaltaneh after 4 days as Prime Minister. Mosaddegh was reassigned as prime minister followed by a major blow to the British as the international courts refused their cases against Iran's government thus leading to nationalization of oil industry in Iran.
This marked the end of Ghavamossaltaneh's political life. He was dismissed and Majlis approved a bill confiscating his properties. He lived in hiding for almost one year as he was aware that the tensions he had created could easily cost him his life. After the coup in Aug, 1953, charges against Ghavamossaltaneh were dropped. He lived for two more years and died on July, 23, 1955. (Updated: Jan, 29, 2008)





Iran Cuts Ties With UK

Oct, 18, 1952 AD

Abadan: Superfractionating unit, crude oil distillation unit and docks all shut down during Anglo-Iranian oil disputes-July-1951A couple of hours after Prime Minister Dr. Mosaddegh made an announcement on the public radio; explaining the reasons behind the government's decision to cut diplomatic ties with the United Kingdom, a draft in this regards which was earlier approved by the parliament was given to the UK embassy in Tehran.
Iranians then filled the streets and started celebrations. A group of people took down the embassy sign which was a symbol of imperialism for two centuries. Dr. Mosaddegh believed that most of Iran's misery could be attributed to U.K.'s imperialist policies towards Iran for two centuries. It was only after nationalization of oil industry, that Iranians enjoyed merits of free press for a short time and understood what some foreign states did to Iran to keep it backwards. The British meddling was shown as the main reason behind separation of Makran, Herat and Bahrain from Iran. They used military might to install governments of their choice in Iran. U.K. was behind cultivation and use of puppy in Iran. The old fox also armed local tribesmen to incite revolts and uprisings against central government whenever necessary.
However, the good times did not last long and a military coup backed by U.K. and U.S. toppled the first democratic regime in the Middle East and changed the destination of the world forever. U.K. and U.S. are currently sawing the seeds of hatred they once planted. (Updated: Feb, 17, 2009)





Refining The Iranian Judicial System

Nov, 19, 1952 AD

Mosadegh 100th Year StampPrime minister Dr. Mosaddegh believed that in order to have social justice and freedom, it's necessary to have a functioning judicial system and therefore ordered Mr. Lotfi, the minister of justice to clean up the corrupted judicial system. Mosaddegh was himself a graduate from the faculty of law of Tehran University. (Updated: Nov, 20, 2007)





Price Of Gold Coin, Mosaddegh Times

Nov, 20, 1952 AD

Mosadegh's HandwritingTehran newspapers report price of 745 Iran Rials for Pahlavi gold coins while U.S. dollar exchange rate stands at 74 Rials. Those were times when Iran was under an economic embargo by Britain and could not export petroleum. (Updated: Nov, 20, 2007)





Purchasing Iran's Document Of Ownership

Nov, 23, 1952 AD

Nader Shah AfsharThe council of ministers headed by Dr. Mosaddegh approves a draft to buy at whatever the price, the original of a document related to proceedings in Dashte-Moghan, a meeting between representatives from 35 Iranian provinces (including Armenia) that appointed Nader Shah as the new king of Iran in 1973. The document which was found in a building in Khorasan was purchased from antique brokers while international collectioners were seeking to purchase it and sent to the Iranian National museum. (Updated: Nov, 23, 2007)





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