For an updated new version of this file please go to : THE IRANIAN HISTORY CHRONICLE
Solar Date:830706 Yaptain's Log, Going Back in time:
What point of ω recorded history are we in? Living in two different worlds in Time brings up some Cyrus problems. One of the best references we had was a sweet child in time of some missionaries called deep purple. Dear time explorer, Whenever you are, to see true colors millions of Pixels are needed. Persians like many other nations have had many foreign enemies throughout history. The following is the Iranian History Timeline as unbiased as possible.
Latest updates take place under provided links to years.
Brief history of Persia Version 2.1 (now in Descending Order)
Λ In 2005 Ahmadinejad was elected president in a landslide victory over Rafsanjani.
Λ Right wing regained superiority in Majlis after 2003 elections. Khatami was re-elected president in 2001.
Λ In February 2000 Iranian voters favored pro-reform candidates in elections to the Majlis.
Λ In 1993 the United States adopted illegal policy to prevent Iran from gaining too much regional power. In 1995 the United States banned all U.S. trade with and investment in Iran, and in 1996 it drafted a law placing sanctions on non-U.S. companies that invest in Iran.
Λ Following Mohammad Khatami's election as president in 1997, the United States began reassessing its policy toward Iran.
Λ Rafsanjani won the 1989 presidential election and was reelected in 1993.
Λ After Khomeini in 1989, the Assembly of Experts chose Khamenei, who would complete his second term as president that year, to succeed Khomeini as or Supreme Leader.
Λ In 1989 Mr.Khomeini issued a fatwa that absolved of sin anyone who killed British novelist Salman Rushdie. In 1998 Iran's foreign minister signed an agreement promising that the Iranian government would not implement the fatwa.Λ Elections in October 1981 brought Khamenei to power as president.
Λ In June 1981, midst the war, MKO, which had clashed frequently with the IR Party throughout 1980, launched an armed uprising against the IRP-dominated government.
Λ 1980 In September, in the midst of the hostage crisis, Iraq launched a surprise invasion of Iran. During the war, Iran gave refuge to more than 200,000 Iraqi nationals who fled from their own government and absorbed more than a million Afghan refugees who fled following the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
Λ In January 1980 voters elected Bani-Sadr as the first president of the republic. in June 1981 the Parliament dismissed him. Rejai subsequently was elected president.
Λ After the shah was allowed entry into the United States in October 1979, a group of Iranian students stormed the U.S. embassy in Tehran and took 52 hostage for 444 days.
Λ 1979 AD In February, Bazargan was appointed to form a provisional government. After resignation from office he was elected as Tehran representative.
Λ On February 11, 1979, the royalist government was overthrown, and in a referendum on April 1 Iranians voted overwhelmingly to establish an Islamic republic.
Λ The spark that ignited the revolution was a pro-Khomeini demonstration in Qum in January 1978.
Λ Khomeini was arrested in 1962 after publicly speaking out against the bill, and his arrest instantly elevated him to the status of national hero. The shah exiled him to Turkey in 1964.
Λ In the early 1960s the shah's government drafted legislation granting diplomatic status to U.S. military personnel stationed in Iran.
Λ In 1953 under the new agreement, the concession formerly held by the AIOC passed to a consortium of British, Dutch, French, and U.S. oil companies.
Λ In early 1953, US used its Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to help overthrow Mosaddegh. The coup, carried out in August 1953, failed initially, and the shah was forced to flee the country. After several days of street fighting in Tehran, however, army officers loyal to the shah gained the upper hand. Prime Minister was arrested, and the shah returned in triumph.
Λ In response to these events, Britain enforced a blockade on oil exports from Iran.
Λ Razmara was assassinated in 1951 after only a few months in office. The Majlis passed a bill nationalizing the AIOC, then took the unprecedented step of appointing Mosaddegh prime minister over the shah's objections.
Λ In the mid-1940s Mosaddegh, an Iranian statesman and a member of the Parliament, emerged as the leader of the oil nationalization movement. In an effort to forestall nationalization, the shah appointed military officer Razmara as prime minister in 1950.
Λ A U.S.-sponsored agreement at the 1943 Tehran Conference reaffirmed this commitment.
Λ In January 1942 the two occupying powers signed an agreement with Iran to respect Iran's independence and to withdraw their troops from the country within six months of the war's end.
Λ In August 1941 Britain and the USSR invaded Iran. They permitted Reza 's son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, to succeed.
Λ 1921, Reza used his troops in to support a coup against the government. In 1925 a specially convened assembly deposed Ahmad Shah, the last ruler of the Qajar dynasty, and named Reza Khan, who earlier had adopted the surname Pahlavi, as the new Shah.
Λ During World War I (1914-1918), Britain and Russia, who were allies, launched attacks from Iran against the Ottoman Empire.
Λ In 1910 Russia assisted Mohammad Ali Shah in an invasion of Iran and an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the government.
Λ In 1901 a British subject had been granted an exclusive 60-year concession to explore Iran for oil. and exports began in 1911.
Λ In 1908 the shah attempted a coup against the elected government, bombing the Majlis building and dissolving the assembly. His young son Ahmad , vowing to respect the constitution, was installed under a regent.
Λ By 1905 Following a year of demonstrations and strikes, Muzaffar was forced to agree to the creation of an elected parliament (the Majlis) and a constitution that limited royal power, established a parliamentary system of government, and outlined the powers of the legislature.
Λ Foreign interference and territorial encroachment increased under the rule of Naser (1848-1896) and his son, Muzaffar (1896-1906).
Λ During the reign of Mohammad , from 1834 to 1848, Russia began expanding its political influence into Iran.
Λ A second war with Russia in the 1820s ended even more disastrously for Iran, which in 1828 was forced to sign the Treaty of Turkmanchai acknowledging Russian sovereignty over the entire area north of the Aras River (territory comprising present-day Armenia and Azerbaijan).
Λ Agha Mohammad's nephew and successor, Fathali , ruled from 1797 to 1834. Under FathAli , Iran went to war against Russia, Under the terms of the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813, Iran recognized Russia's annexation of Georgia and ceded to Russia most of the north Caucasus region.
Λ In 1794 Agha Mohammad defeated numerous rivals and brought all of Iran under his rule, establishing the Qajar dynasty.
Λ Hossein, who ruled from 1694 to 1722, tried to convert forcibly his Afghan subjects in eastern Iran from Sunni to Shia Islam. In response, an Afghan army under Mahmud rebelled, marching across eastern Iran and capturing the Safavid capital of Esfahan and executed the shah in 1722. thus ending Safavid rule of Iran.
Λ In 1509 Ismail gained control of Iraqi territory, but it fell into Ottoman hands when Süleyman I conquered Baghdad in 1534.Abbas moved the Safavid capital from Tabriz to Esfahan.
Λ The Safavids, headed a militant Sufi order founded in the northwest by Safi of Ardabil in the early 14th century. His descendant, Ismail I, conquered first Tabriz and then the rest of Iran. In 1501 he proclaimed himself Shah. This was the first time since the 7th century that all of Iran was unified as an independent state.
Λ Between 1381 and 1405 invasions by Turkic conqueror Teimur Lang destroyed more of Iran's cities.
Λ The Seljug Turks , defeated local rulers and established dynasties that ruled over most of the country until the Mongol invasions in the 13th century. The Mongols destroyed major cities such as Ardabil, Hamadan, Maragheh, Neyshabour, and Qazvin, Ray and Tus.
Λ The Ismailis, a Shiite sect, maintained a small but effectively independent state in the Rudbar region of the Elburz Mountains from the 11th through the 13th century.
Λ Arab Muslim armies began their conquest of the Persian Sassanian Empire in AD 636 and during the next five years conquered all of Iran. They finally put an end to the Sassanid dynasty in 651.
Λ Byzantine emperor Heraclius, between 622 and 627 drove the Iranians back within their original borders.
Λ Khosro II in 602 began a long war against the Byzantine Empire and by 619 had conquered almost all southwestern Asia Minor and Egypt.
Λ Near the end of the 5th century a new enemy, the barbaric Ephthalites, or White Huns, attacked Persia; they defeated the Persian king Firuz II in 483 and for some years thereafter exacted heavy tribute.
Λ In AD 224 Ardashir I, a Persian vassal-king, rebelled against the Parthians, defeated them in the Battle of Hormuz, and founded a new Persian dynasty, that of the Sassanids.
Λ For more than five centuries thereafter, Persia remained a subordinate unit within this great realm, which, after the overthrow of the Seleucids in the 2nd century BC, became the Parthian Empire.
Λ Alexander the Great added the Persian Empire to his own Mediterranean realm by defeating the troops of Darius III in a series of battles between 334 and 331 BC, latest won by Roxanne's assassin.
Λ Darius I's forces were defeated by the Greeks at the historic Battle of Marathon in 490 BC.
Λ Darius I, who ascended the throne in 522 BC, pushed the Persian borders as far eastward as the Indus River, had a canal constructed from the Nile to the Red Sea.
Λ His son and successor, Kambiz II, extended the Persian realm even further by conquering the Egyptians in 525 BC.
Λ He overthrew the Median rulers, conquered the kingdom of Lydia in about 546 BC and that of Babylonia in 539 BC. The first act of human law was written to protect slaves, mostly Jewish
Λ The first prominent leader of the Persians was the Hakhamanesh, who lived about 681 BC. The Persians were dominated by the Medes until the accession to the Persian throne in 550 BC of Cyrus the Great.
Λ The Iranian plateau was settled about 1500 BC by Aryan tribes, the most important of which were the Medes, who occupied the northwestern portion, and the Persians, who emigrated from Parsua.
Λ Persia, conventional European designation of the country now known as Iran. This name was in general use in the West until 1935, although the residents of the Iran Plateau themselves had long called their country Iran.
Λ Recent findings indicate civilizations older than 5000 years living in these soils.
More Resources on Iranian History: Once upon a time in America ( Iran-US relations history ) , Brief Mc. History of Tehran
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